Talks at the Yenan Forum on Literature and Art Translator
Chairman Mao Zedong and others at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art including Chen Xuezhao (5th from the left in the third row)
The Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art (simplified Chinese: 延安文艺座谈会; traditional Chinese: 延安文藝座談會; pinyin: Yán'ān Wén Yì Zuòtánhuì ) was a May 1942 forum held at the urban center of Yan'an in Communist-controlled People's republic of china and significant event in the Yan'an Rectification Motion. It is most notable for the speeches given past Mao Zedong, after edited and published as Talks at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art (Chinese: 在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话; pinyin: Zài Yán'ān Wén Yì Zuòtánhuì shàng de Jiǎnghuà ) which dealt with the function of literature and art in the state. The two master points were that (ane) all art should reflect the life of the working class and consider them every bit an audience, and (2) that art should serve politics, and specifically the advancement of socialism. The excesses of the latter point during the Cultural Revolution led to current Party policy rejecting that point, but retaining Mao's encouragement of peasant-focused art and literature.
Background [edit]
During the Long March (1934-1935), the Communist Political party and People'south Liberation Army used song, drama, and dance to entreatment to the civilian population, but did non have a unified cultural policy. For three years after the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, the main message of the Communist fine art organizations, such as the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Drama Society, was to "oppose Nihon" ( 反日 , fǎnrì) or "resist Japan" ( 抗日 , kàngrì). In 1938, the Party established the Lu Xun Academy of Fine Arts in Yan'an (Yenan), which was to train people in literature, music, fine arts, and drama.[1]
In 1940, Mao issued a policy statement in his tract, "On New Democracy": "The content of China's new civilisation at the present phase is... the anti-imperialist anti-feudal new commonwealth of the popular masses led by the civilization and thought of the proletariat". During the Yan'an Rectification Movement (1942-1944), the Political party used diverse methods to consolidate ideological unity among cadres around Maoism (every bit opposed to Soviet-way Marxism–Leninism). The immediate spur to the Yan'an talks was a request by a concerned author for Mao Zedong to analyze the ambiguous role of intellectuals in the Communist movement.[i] Thus began a three-week conference at the Lu Xun Academy about the objectives of and methods of creating Communist art.[2]
Content [edit]
The "Yan'an Talks" outlined the party'due south policy on "mass culture" (Chinese: 群众文化; pinyin: qúnzhòng wénhuà ) in Communist china, which was to be "revolutionary civilisation" (Chinese: 革命文化; pinyin: gémìng wénhuà ). This revolutionary style of art would portray the lives of peasants and be directed towards them every bit an audience.[three] Mao scolded artists for neglecting "The cadres, party workers of all types, fighters in the ground forces, workers in the factories and peasants in the villages" every bit audiences, just because they were illiterate. He was particularly disquisitional of Chinese opera as a courtly art form, rather than 1 directed towards the masses. Withal, he encouraged artists to depict from Mainland china'due south artistic legacy too every bit international art forms in gild to farther socialism.[ii] Mao also encouraged literary people to transform themselves past living in the countryside,[1] and to written report the popular music and folk culture of the areas, incorporating both into their works.[two]
Legacy [edit]
An immediate change in Chinese music that resulted from the Yan'an Talks was the growth in respectability of folk styles.[2] Fundamental quotations from "Yan'an Talks" form the footing of the section on "Culture and Art" in the Maoist text Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong.[4] The Gang of Four'southward dramatic interpretation of the Yan'an Talks during the Cultural Revolution led to a new Party-sanctioned class of political art, revolutionary opera. Conversely, certain forms of art, such as the works of Beethoven, Respighi, Dvorak, and Chopin, were condemned in Party papers as "bourgeois decadence".[2] After the decease of Mao and the ascension of reformist leaders similar Deng Xiaoping, who condemned the Cultural Revolution, the Yan'an talks were officially reevaluated. In 1982, the Party declared that Mao's doctrine that "literature and art are subordinate to politics" was an "incorrect formulation", only it reaffirmed his main points nearly art needing to reflect the reality of the workers and peasantry.[v]
See also [edit]
- Socialist realism
- Blood-red Disengagement of Women
Notes [edit]
- ^ a b c Judd, Ellen. "Prelude to the "Yan'an Talks": Issues in Transforming a Literary Intelligentsia". Mod China: 377–408.
- ^ a b c d east Perris, Arnold (January 1983). "Music as Propaganda: Art at the Command of Doctrine in the People'due south Democracy of China". Ethnomusicology. 27 (i): 1–28. doi:10.2307/850880. JSTOR 850880.
- ^ Liu, Kang (2000). "Popular Culture and the Culture of the Masses in Contemporary China". In Dirlik, Arif; Zhang, Xudong (eds.). Postmodernism and Mainland china. Duke University Press. pp. 111–112. ISBN0-8223-8022-6.
- ^ Mao, Tse-tung (1967). Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung . New York: Runted. pp. 172–4.
- ^ MacKerras, Colin (1983). Chinese Theatre: From Its Origins to the Present 24-hour interval . University of Hawaii Press. pp. 170–171.
Further reading [edit]
- McDougall, Bonnie. (1980). Mao Zedong's "Talks at the Yan'an Conference on Literature and Art": A Translation of the 1943 Text with Commentary. University of Michigan Printing. ISBN 9780892640393
External links [edit]
- Talks at the Yenan Forum on Literature and Art (May 2, 1942) at the Marxist Internet Annal
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yan%27an_Forum
0 Response to "Talks at the Yenan Forum on Literature and Art Translator"
Postar um comentário